Specificity of Confidentiality Protection in Mediation Process
Keywords:
Confidentiality Principle, Mediation, Privilege, Regulation of Confidentiality, Limitations to Confidentiality principle, Exceptions to Confidentiality Principle.Abstract
Mediation itself is a communication directed towards achieving an acceptable agreement for the parties. To the great extent, this process is promoted by the principle of confidentiality. It pushes the parties to disclose often undesirable information for them freely and without any obstacles. One of the aims of the present paper is to ascertain essence and its forms of demonstration of confidentiality in mediation process. With the rise of mediation practice, the necessity of reviewing the absolutism of the principle of confidentiality arises. Georgian legislation does not envisage grounds for limiting this principle and needs improvement in this direction. Therefore, the paper presents exceptions under EU Mediation Directive, Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation and Mediation Unified Act which to some extent will eradicate legislative gaps existing today.
References
Article 10 of MLICC (Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation), https://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/ml-conc/03-90953_Ebook.pdf [17.11.2017].
Article 10 part 1 of UNCITRAL Model Law: “Party, mediator and any third party participating in process administration”.
Austrian Mediation Act (Law on Mediation in Civil Law Matters), 6 June 2003, http://www.arbiter.com.sg/pdf/laws/AustrianMediationAct2003.pdf.
Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 21 May 2008, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0052.
Brown K.L., Confidentiality in Mediation: Status and Implications, Journal of Dispute Resolution, Vol. 1991, 4,
Burnley R., Lascelles G., Mediator Confidentiality – Conduct and Communications, Arbitration, 2004, 8, 9, 12, https://www.cedr.com/library/articles/Mediator_confidentiality_SJBerwin.pdf.
Chitashvili N., Regulatory Limits of Mediation Ethics and Addressees Bound by Ethical Standards, “Law Journal", №1, 2016, 34 (in Georgian).
Deason E.E., Predictable Mediation Confidentiality in the U.S. Federal System, Ohio State Journal On Dispute Resolution, 2002, 240,
Eloshvili N., Importance of Confidentiality Principle in Mediation Process, Journ. “Alternative Dispute Resolution – Annual”, 2013, 8 (in Georgian).
Field R., Wood N., Marketing Mediation Ethically: The Case of Confidentiality, Field &Wood, 2005, 144, https://lr.law.qut.edu.au/article/download/210/204/ .
Foster Noble T., Prentice S., The Promise of Confidentiality in Mediation: Practitioners’ Perceptions, Journal of Dispute Resolution, 2009, 1, http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1568&context=jdr.
Freedman R.L., Prigoff L. Michael l., Confidentiality in Mediation: The Need For Protection, Journal On Dispute Resolution, Vol. 2:1, 1986, 37,
Govori Z., Confidentiality under the ICC Mediation Rules compared to the LCIA Mediation Rules, International Hellenic University, 2016, 7.
Hamilton W.J., Protecing Confidentiality in Mandary Mediation: Lessons from Ontario and Saskatchewan, Queen’s Law Journal, Spring 1999, 569,
Hopt J.K., Steffek F., Mediation Principles and Regulation in Comparative Perspective, Oxford University Press, 2013, 180.
Jr. Johnson D.P., Confidentiality in Mediation: What Can Florida Glean from the Uniform Mediation Act, Florida State University Law Review, Vol. 30, 2003, 489, http://ir.law.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1586&context=lr.
Kentra A.P., Hear No Evil, See no Evil, Speak No Evil: The Intolerable Conflict for Attorney-Mediators Between the Duty to Maintain Mediation Confidetiality and the Duty to Report Fellow Attorney Misconduct, BYU Law Review, 1997, 722.
Kirtley A., The Mediation Privilege’s Transition from Theory to Implementation: Designing a Mediation Privilage Standard to Protect Mediation Participants, the Process and the Public Interest, Journal of Dispute Resolution, Vol. 1995, 48.
Limbury L.A., Should Mediation Be An Evidentiary ‘Black Hole’?, „UNSW Law Journal“, Vol. 35(3), 2012, 917, <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2012/38.pdf>.
Macturk C.H., Confidentiality in Mediation: The Best Protection has Exception, American Journal of Trial Advocacy, Vol. 19, 1995, 412, 415, 426, 427.
Masser K., Engewald B., Scharpf L., Ziekow J., Evaluierung des Mediationsgesetzes, Rechtstatsachliche Untersuchung im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums der Justiz und fur Verbraucherschutz, Speyer, 2017, 35.
Morek R., Nihil silentio utilius: confidentiality in mediation and its legal safeguards in the EU Member States, 2013, 428, 429, 432, https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12027-013-0317-9.pdf.
Nadja M.A., International and Comparative Mediation: Legal Perspectives, „Kluwer Law International“, 2009, 248, 251.
Protecting Confidentiality in Mediation, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 98, no. 2, 1984, 441, (Published by: The Harvard Law Review Association), < www.jstor.org/stable/1340844>.
Rabe, S., Wode M., Mediation, Heidelberg 2014, 19.
Reichert K., Confidentiality in International Mediation, Dispute Resolution Journal, 2005, 60, 62.
Rufenacht D.M., The Concern over Confidentiality in Mediation - An in-Depth Look at The Protection Provided by the Proposed Uniform Mediation act, Journal of Dispute Resoluion, 2000, 113, http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=jdr.
Tetunic L.F., Act Deux: Confidentiality Adter the Florida Mediation Confidentiality and Privacy Act, Nova Law Review, Vol. 36, Issue1, 2011, 83, http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1061&context=nlr.
Tsertsvadze G., Perspectives of Legal Regulations of Mediation in Georgia, National Center for Alternative Dispute Resolution, Tbilisi, 2013, 25, 32-33 (in Georgian).
Tsuladze A., Georgian Model of Court Mediation in European-American Prisma, Tbilisi, 2016, 19, 132 (in Georgian).
Tvauri R., Standard of Limits of Confidentiality Principle in Mediation Process, Journ. “Alternative Dispute Resolution – Annual”, 2015, 27 (in Georgian).
Wykoff A., Mediation & Confidentiality, Bond University Student Law Review, Vol. 4, 2016, 2- 5,http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=buslr.
Zhao Y., Koo A.K.C., The Development of Legal Protection for Mediation Confidentiality in Hog Kong, Common Law World Review, 2011, 264.
Aird v. Orime Meidian Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 1866.
Anna Kieturakis v. Maciej Jan Kieturkis, (2006).
Rush &Tompkins Ltd v. GLC [1988] 3 All ER 737.
Union Carbide Canada Inc. v. Bombardier Inc, 2014 SCC 35.
